[Causes of diabetes]


Diabetes is divided into type 1 and type 2, and type 1 diabetes, also called 'juvenile diabetes', is a disease that occurs due to the inability to produce insulin at all. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is relatively deficient in insulin, is characterized by insulin resistance (the inability of cells to effectively burn glucose due to a lack of insulin function that lowers blood sugar). In type 2 diabetes, environmental factors such as high calorie, high fat, high protein diet, lack of exercise, and stress seem to play a major role in Westernization of diet. It can also be caused by medications.

 


[diabetes symptoms]


In mild hyperglycemia, most patients do not feel the symptoms or are vague, so it is difficult to think of diabetes. If your blood sugar rises too much, you will be thirsty and drink a lot of water, and you will need to urinate more often. You will also lose weight.


When hyperglycemia is maintained for a long period of time, various complications occur in the body, the most representative of which are retinopathy (which can lead to blindness), renal dysfunction (dialysis is required in severe cases due to decreased renal function), neuropathy (numbness, pain), and cardiovascular disease. will increase the risk of

작성

Cure of Diabetes

mi jung park
2022-01-18
조회수 1132204

In case of type 1 diabetes, insulin treatment is required. In the case of type 2 diabetes, lifestyle modification is the basis, and additional drug administration may be required. In the case of oral medicine, it is taken 1 to 3 times a day, and depending on the time of action of the medicine, the time taken and side effects are slightly different.


Oral hypoglycemic agents are largely divided into insulin secretagogues and insulin sensitivity improvers. Insulin secretagogues include sulfonylurea and meglitinide. Sulfonureas, a commonly prescribed drug, can cause hypoglycemic conditions. These include amaryl (ingredient: glimepiride), diamicron (ingredient: gliclazide), and daonyl (ingredient: glibenclamide).


Meglitinide, a type of insulin secretagogue, is a very fast-acting agent that is taken before meals. nide mitiglinide) and the like.


Insulin sensitivity improving agents are characterized by almost no hypoglycemia when taken alone, and include metformin, a biguanide-based drug, and Avandia (ingredient: rosiglitazone), a thiazolidinedione-based drug, and Actos ( Ingredient name: pioglitazone), etc. In addition, there are glucobai (ingredient name: acarbose) and Basin (ingredient name: voglibose) that delay carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.


Meanwhile, there is a GLP-1 agonist developed using the action of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1; glucagon-like peptide-1), a hormone that lowers blood sugar, and exenatide and This includes injections such as liraglutide. In addition, a DPP-4 inhibitor that inhibits the action of DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4; dipeptidyl peptidase-4), an enzyme that rapidly inactivates GLP-1, is also used, and Januvia (ingredient name: Sitagl) There are liptin sitagliptin), gabs (ingredient name: vildagliptin), and saxagliptin.


Recently developed new drugs include SGLT2 inhibitors that inhibit glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, and these are known to have an effect on preventing cardiovascular complications, but long-term side effects require follow-up.


Insulin is currently available as an injection, and in principle, it is administered by subcutaneous injection, and the method of administration differs depending on the time of action. It has a faster blood sugar lowering effect than oral medicines, can be used safely even in environments where oral medicines cannot be used, and has no dose limit, but disadvantages include rejection of needles and difficulty in administration.


Insulin is classified into super fast-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulin depending on the duration of action. The detailed description is as follows.

Rapid-acting insulin begins to take effect within 15 minutes after administration, and the effect usually lasts 3 to 4 hours. Therefore, it is administered right after or just before a meal, and it is easy to control blood sugar after a meal. These include insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine.


The fast-acting insulin is the insulin used to control postprandial blood sugar before the super fast-acting insulin was released, and regular insulin belongs to this category. It usually takes effect 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration, and the effect usually lasts 2 to 4 hours.


Intermediate-acting insulin (NPH insulin) has an effect 1 to 3 hours after administration, and the effect usually lasts 12 to 16 hours, and the highest effect is shown at 6 to 8 hours after administration. Insulin is characteristically cloudy.


Long-acting insulin includes insulin glargine, insulin detemir, and degludec, and is mainly used as basal insulin because of its longer action time and constant effect than intermediate-acting insulin. 

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